If you’ve recently formed a Limited Liability Company (LLC), one of the most common questions you might have is: How do I pay myself from my LLC? Understanding the process is crucial not only for maintaining your personal income but also for ensuring compliance with tax regulations. The way you pay yourself depends largely on how your LLC is structured and how it is taxed.
1. Understand Your LLC’s Tax Classification
LLCs are unique in that they offer flexibility in taxation. By default, a single-member LLC is treated as a disregarded entity for tax purposes, meaning the IRS considers the business and the owner the same for income tax purposes. A multi-member LLC is treated as a partnership by default.
However, LLCs can also elect to be taxed as an S Corporation or a C Corporation. This choice affects how you pay yourself: whether through distributions, salary, or a combination of both. Knowing your tax classification is the first step in determining the proper way to pay yourself.
2. Paying Yourself as a Single-Member LLC
If your LLC is a single-member and you haven’t elected corporate taxation, the simplest method is through owner’s draws. An owner’s draw is money you take out of the LLC’s profits for personal use. Here’s how it works:
- Determine available funds: Only draw from profits, not business assets needed for operations.
- Transfer funds: Move money from your business account to your personal account.
- Record the draw: Track each draw in your accounting system to separate personal withdrawals from business expenses.
It’s important to note that owner’s draws are not subject to payroll taxes at the time of withdrawal. Instead, you pay income taxes on the LLC’s profits when filing your personal tax return using Schedule C.
3. Paying Yourself from a Multi-Member LLC
For multi-member LLCs, members are usually paid through distributions, which function similarly to owner’s draws but are divided according to each member’s ownership percentage. It’s crucial to formalize the distribution agreement in your LLC’s operating agreement to avoid disputes.
Like single-member LLCs, distributions are not considered wages, so payroll taxes are not withheld at the time of payment. Members report their share of profits on their personal tax returns.
4. Paying Yourself if Your LLC is Taxed as an S Corporation
If you’ve elected S Corp taxation, the rules change. In this case, you must pay yourself a reasonable salary as an employee of the corporation. This salary is subject to payroll taxes (Social Security, Medicare, etc.). Additional profits can then be taken as distributions, which are not subject to payroll taxes, potentially saving money on self-employment taxes.
For example:
- Determine a reasonable salary based on your role and market standards.
- Run payroll, withholding taxes appropriately.
- Take remaining profits as distributions.
This hybrid approach is popular because it balances tax efficiency with compliance.
5. Keep Proper Records
No matter your LLC type, keeping clear records is essential. Use accounting software to track draws, distributions, and payroll. Proper documentation protects your personal assets and ensures accurate tax reporting.
6. Consult a Professional
Paying yourself from your LLC has tax and legal implications. Missteps can lead to penalties or increased tax liability. Consulting a CPA or tax professional can help you optimize your payments while staying compliant.
Conclusion
Formation documents play a crucial role in understanding how to pay yourself from your LLC and maintaining both your personal finances and your business’s financial health. Whether you take an owner’s draw, a member distribution, or a combination of salary and dividends, clear planning and proper record-keeping guided by your formation documents will ensure smooth operations and tax compliance. By following the rules outlined in these documents and knowing your LLC’s tax classification, you can confidently pay yourself while keeping your business in good standing.
